October is Down Syndrome Awareness Month, which makes it the perfect time to
pull up a chair, grab a cup of coffee (and maybe a cookie or two), and learn a little
something new. No halos, no stereotypes—just people, facts, and a whole lot of
humanity.
What Is Down Syndrome?
Down syndrome is a genetic condition that occurs when someone has an extra
copy of chromosome 21. That extra chromosome may be small, but it can have a
big impact on human development. It’s not a "problem"—it’s a unique blueprint that influences how someone grows, learns, and interacts with the world.
There are three types of Down syndrome:
• Trisomy 21 (most common): Every cell has an extra chromosome 21.
• Translocation (3–4%): The extra chromosome 21 attaches itself to another
chromosome. Sneaky, but effective. This is the one type that can be
inherited.
• Mosaicism (about 2%): Some cells have the extra chromosome, but some don’t.
Kind of like most people’s closets—only some hangers actually have clothes
on them.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Some families find out before birth through prenatal screenings or diagnostic
tests. Others first hear the news at delivery. Still others come to Down syndrome
through adoption. However it happens, it’s not a “bad” diagnosis—it’s simply part
of a child’s makeup. And like every child, their story is still being written full of
unknowns, yes, but also brimming with possibility.
“We’ve got designer genes. Yeah. We’re cool like that.” – Unknown
Health Considerations
People with Down syndrome can face some health challenges, including heart
defects, obstructive sleep apnea, thyroid conditions, hearing and vision issues, or
an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in adulthood. The important part? With
modern medicine and therapies, most of these are manageable. Life expectancy
has increased dramatically in recent decades, and many people with Down
syndrome live long, active, vibrant lives.
Busting Some of the Myths (Because Would It Even Be Awareness Month
Without That?)
Myth: People with Down syndrome are always happy.
Truth: Nope. They experience the full range of human emotions—joy,
frustration, humor, sass, and yes, the occasional epic side-eye (sometimes
deserved and sometimes not so much).
Myth: They’re angels.
Truth: They’re people. Some are sweet, some are spicy, some are sarcastic,
and some are all three before breakfast.
Myth: They can’t learn.
Truth: Learning may take more time or look different, but people with Down
syndrome go to school, read books, learn languages, and some even
graduate from college.
Myth: They’re perpetual children.
Truth: They grow up! Adults with Down syndrome have jobs, hobbies,
responsibilities, friendships, and relationships. (Yes, they date.)
Myth: Having a child with Down syndrome is always sad.
Truth: Families may face challenges, but there’s also joy, pride, and often an
above-average number of dance parties. Many parents say their outlook on
life has become brighter, and siblings are just as proud—94% report feeling
proud of their brother or sister. Sure, there can be challenges, but the
positive impact of parenting is just as strong as in any family. Overall, kids
with Down syndrome are reported to have a high quality of life, especially
when it comes to their emotional well-being—proof that love, laughter, and
pride are truly universal.
Stereotypes to Retire
If you’ve ever caught yourself saying “They’re so sweet” or “They’re angels,” take a pause. People with Down syndrome are individuals. Some may become models or
public speakers; others may not—and that’s okay. Their value isn’t in being
inspirational; it’s in being their authentic selves—just like everyone else.
The Bottom Line
Down syndrome is not a tragedy. It’s simply one of many ways of being human.
People with Down syndrome are students, athletes, employees, comedians,
activists, siblings, and friends. They’re not defined by a diagnosis, and they
definitely don’t fit neatly into one box.
So, this month—and every month—let’s celebrate people with Down syndrome for
who they really are: unique, capable, and wonderfully themselves.